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| 43 | <header class="hero"> |
| 44 | <span class="badge">LINUX ADMIN MEGA REFERENCE</span> |
| 45 | <h1>Linux Command<br>Cheat Sheet</h1> |
| 46 | <p>A massive searchable, copy-ready reference for Linux students, technicians, homelab users, and sysadmins.</p> |
| 47 | <div class="stats"><div class="stat"><b>382</b> commands</div><div class="stat"><b>27</b> sections</div><div class="stat"><b>1</b> standalone HTML file</div></div> |
| 48 | </header> |
| 49 | |
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| 54 | </div></div> |
| 55 | |
| 56 | <div class="note"><div class="notebox"><b>⚠ Admin warning:</b> Commands marked with ⚠ can delete data, overwrite disks, or make major system changes. Verify device names and paths before running them.</div></div> |
| 57 | |
| 58 | <div class="layout"> |
| 59 | <nav><strong>JUMP TO SECTION</strong><a href="#navigation---files">Navigation & Files</a><a href="#viewing---editing-text">Viewing & Editing Text</a><a href="#search---text-processing">Search & Text Processing</a><a href="#permissions---ownership">Permissions & Ownership</a><a href="#users---groups">Users & Groups</a><a href="#processes---jobs">Processes & Jobs</a><a href="#system-information">System Information</a><a href="#disks---filesystems">Disks & Filesystems</a><a href="#networking">Networking</a><a href="#ssh---remote-access">Ssh & Remote Access</a><a href="#systemd---services">Systemd & Services</a><a href="#logs---troubleshooting">Logs & Troubleshooting</a><a href="#apt---debian---ubuntu">Apt — Debian & Ubuntu</a><a href="#dnf---rpm---fedora-rhel">Dnf & Rpm — Fedora/Rhel</a><a href="#pacman---arch">Pacman — Arch</a><a href="#archives---compression">Archives & Compression</a><a href="#shell---environment">Shell & Environment</a><a href="#redirection---pipes">Redirection & Pipes</a><a href="#disk-imaging">Disk Imaging</a><a href="#scheduling">Scheduling</a><a href="#firewall-basics">Firewall Basics</a><a href="#docker">Docker</a><a href="#git">Git</a><a href="#hardware---devices">Hardware & Devices</a><a href="#performance">Performance</a><a href="#useful-one-liners">Useful One-Liners</a><a href="#help---documentation">Help & Documentation</a></nav> |
| 60 | <main><section class="section" id="navigation---files"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Navigation & Files</span><small>28 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files pwd print the current directory"><div class="cmdrow"><code>pwd</code><button class="copy" data-copy="pwd">COPY</button></div><p>Print the current directory</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files ls list files and directories"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ls</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ls">COPY</button></div><p>List files and directories</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files ls -lah detailed listing including hidden files and human-readable sizes"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ls -lah</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ls -lah">COPY</button></div><p>Detailed listing including hidden files and human-readable sizes</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files ls -lt list newest files first"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ls -lt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ls -lt">COPY</button></div><p>List newest files first</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files ls -ls list largest files first"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ls -lS</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ls -lS">COPY</button></div><p>List largest files first</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files cd /path/to/dir change directory"><div class="cmdrow"><code>cd /path/to/dir</code><button class="copy" data-copy="cd /path/to/dir">COPY</button></div><p>Change directory</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files cd .. move up one directory"><div class="cmdrow"><code>cd ..</code><button class="copy" data-copy="cd ..">COPY</button></div><p>Move up one directory</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files cd ~ go to your home directory"><div class="cmdrow"><code>cd ~</code><button class="copy" data-copy="cd ~">COPY</button></div><p>Go to your home directory</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files cd - return to the previous directory"><div class="cmdrow"><code>cd -</code><button class="copy" data-copy="cd -">COPY</button></div><p>Return to the previous directory</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files tree display directory contents as a tree"><div class="cmdrow"><code>tree</code><button class="copy" data-copy="tree">COPY</button></div><p>Display directory contents as a tree</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files touch file.txt create an empty file or update its timestamp"><div class="cmdrow"><code>touch file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="touch file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Create an empty file or update its timestamp</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files mkdir newdir create a directory"><div class="cmdrow"><code>mkdir newdir</code><button class="copy" data-copy="mkdir newdir">COPY</button></div><p>Create a directory</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files mkdir -p a/b/c create nested directories"><div class="cmdrow"><code>mkdir -p a/b/c</code><button class="copy" data-copy="mkdir -p a/b/c">COPY</button></div><p>Create nested directories</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files cp file1 file2 copy a file"><div class="cmdrow"><code>cp file1 file2</code><button class="copy" data-copy="cp file1 file2">COPY</button></div><p>Copy a file</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files cp -r dir1 dir2 copy a directory recursively"><div class="cmdrow"><code>cp -r dir1 dir2</code><button class="copy" data-copy="cp -r dir1 dir2">COPY</button></div><p>Copy a directory recursively</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files cp -a source/ dest/ copy while preserving metadata"><div class="cmdrow"><code>cp -a source/ dest/</code><button class="copy" data-copy="cp -a source/ dest/">COPY</button></div><p>Copy while preserving metadata</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files mv old new move or rename a file or directory"><div class="cmdrow"><code>mv old new</code><button class="copy" data-copy="mv old new">COPY</button></div><p>Move or rename a file or directory</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files rm file.txt delete a file"><div class="cmdrow"><code>rm file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="rm file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Delete a file</p></article><article class="card warning" data-search="navigation & files rm -r directory delete a directory recursively ⚠"><div class="cmdrow"><code>rm -r directory</code><button class="copy" data-copy="rm -r directory">COPY</button></div><p>Delete a directory recursively ⚠</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files rmdir emptydir remove an empty directory"><div class="cmdrow"><code>rmdir emptydir</code><button class="copy" data-copy="rmdir emptydir">COPY</button></div><p>Remove an empty directory</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files ln -s /target linkname create a symbolic link"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ln -s /target linkname</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ln -s /target linkname">COPY</button></div><p>Create a symbolic link</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files readlink -f linkname resolve a symbolic link"><div class="cmdrow"><code>readlink -f linkname</code><button class="copy" data-copy="readlink -f linkname">COPY</button></div><p>Resolve a symbolic link</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files file filename identify a file type"><div class="cmdrow"><code>file filename</code><button class="copy" data-copy="file filename">COPY</button></div><p>Identify a file type</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files stat filename show detailed file metadata"><div class="cmdrow"><code>stat filename</code><button class="copy" data-copy="stat filename">COPY</button></div><p>Show detailed file metadata</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files find . -type f find all files recursively"><div class="cmdrow"><code>find . -type f</code><button class="copy" data-copy="find . -type f">COPY</button></div><p>Find all files recursively</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files find /var/log -name '*.log' find files by name"><div class="cmdrow"><code>find /var/log -name '*.log'</code><button class="copy" data-copy="find /var/log -name '*.log'">COPY</button></div><p>Find files by name</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files find . -type f -size +100m find files larger than 100 mb"><div class="cmdrow"><code>find . -type f -size +100M</code><button class="copy" data-copy="find . -type f -size +100M">COPY</button></div><p>Find files larger than 100 MB</p></article><article class="card" data-search="navigation & files locate filename search the locate database"><div class="cmdrow"><code>locate filename</code><button class="copy" data-copy="locate filename">COPY</button></div><p>Search the locate database</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="viewing---editing-text"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Viewing & Editing Text</span><small>16 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="viewing & editing text cat file.txt print a file"><div class="cmdrow"><code>cat file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="cat file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Print a file</p></article><article class="card" data-search="viewing & editing text tac file.txt print lines in reverse order"><div class="cmdrow"><code>tac file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="tac file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Print lines in reverse order</p></article><article class="card" data-search="viewing & editing text less file.txt view a file page by page"><div class="cmdrow"><code>less file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="less file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>View a file page by page</p></article><article class="card" data-search="viewing & editing text more file.txt simple paged file viewer"><div class="cmdrow"><code>more file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="more file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Simple paged file viewer</p></article><article class="card" data-search="viewing & editing text head file.txt show the first 10 lines"><div class="cmdrow"><code>head file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="head file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Show the first 10 lines</p></article><article class="card" data-search="viewing & editing text head -n 25 file.txt show the first 25 lines"><div class="cmdrow"><code>head -n 25 file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="head -n 25 file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Show the first 25 lines</p></article><article class="card" data-search="viewing & editing text tail file.txt show the last 10 lines"><div class="cmdrow"><code>tail file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="tail file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Show the last 10 lines</p></article><article class="card" data-search="viewing & editing text tail -f /var/log/syslog follow a growing log file"><div class="cmdrow"><code>tail -f /var/log/syslog</code><button class="copy" data-copy="tail -f /var/log/syslog">COPY</button></div><p>Follow a growing log file</p></article><article class="card" data-search="viewing & editing text nano file.txt edit with nano"><div class="cmdrow"><code>nano file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="nano file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Edit with Nano</p></article><article class="card" data-search="viewing & editing text vim file.txt edit with vim"><div class="cmdrow"><code>vim file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="vim file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Edit with Vim</p></article><article class="card" data-search="viewing & editing text wc -l file.txt count lines"><div class="cmdrow"><code>wc -l file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="wc -l file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Count lines</p></article><article class="card" data-search="viewing & editing text wc -w file.txt count words"><div class="cmdrow"><code>wc -w file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="wc -w file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Count words</p></article><article class="card" data-search="viewing & editing text nl file.txt show line numbers"><div class="cmdrow"><code>nl file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="nl file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Show line numbers</p></article><article class="card" data-search="viewing & editing text column -t file.txt align whitespace-separated columns"><div class="cmdrow"><code>column -t file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="column -t file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Align whitespace-separated columns</p></article><article class="card" data-search="viewing & editing text strings binaryfile extract printable strings from a binary"><div class="cmdrow"><code>strings binaryfile</code><button class="copy" data-copy="strings binaryfile">COPY</button></div><p>Extract printable strings from a binary</p></article><article class="card" data-search="viewing & editing text xxd file hex dump a file"><div class="cmdrow"><code>xxd file</code><button class="copy" data-copy="xxd file">COPY</button></div><p>Hex dump a file</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="search---text-processing"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Search & Text Processing</span><small>20 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing grep 'text' file.txt search for text"><div class="cmdrow"><code>grep 'text' file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="grep 'text' file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Search for text</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing grep -i 'text' file.txt case-insensitive search"><div class="cmdrow"><code>grep -i 'text' file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="grep -i 'text' file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Case-insensitive search</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing grep -r 'text' /path recursive search"><div class="cmdrow"><code>grep -R 'text' /path</code><button class="copy" data-copy="grep -R 'text' /path">COPY</button></div><p>Recursive search</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing grep -n 'text' file.txt show matching line numbers"><div class="cmdrow"><code>grep -n 'text' file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="grep -n 'text' file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Show matching line numbers</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing grep -v 'text' file.txt show nonmatching lines"><div class="cmdrow"><code>grep -v 'text' file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="grep -v 'text' file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Show nonmatching lines</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing grep -e 'cat dog' file.txt|extended regex search"><div class="cmdrow"><code>grep -E 'cat</code><button class="copy" data-copy="grep -E 'cat">COPY</button></div><p>dog' file.txt|Extended regex search</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd extract the first colon-delimited field"><div class="cmdrow"><code>cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd</code><button class="copy" data-copy="cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd">COPY</button></div><p>Extract the first colon-delimited field</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing sort file.txt sort lines alphabetically"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sort file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sort file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Sort lines alphabetically</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing sort -n numbers.txt sort numerically"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sort -n numbers.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sort -n numbers.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Sort numerically</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing uniq file.txt remove adjacent duplicates"><div class="cmdrow"><code>uniq file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="uniq file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Remove adjacent duplicates</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing sort file.txt uniq -c|count repeated lines"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sort file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sort file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>uniq -c|Count repeated lines</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing tr 'a-z' 'a-z' < file.txt convert lowercase to uppercase"><div class="cmdrow"><code>tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' < file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' < file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Convert lowercase to uppercase</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing sed 's/old/new/g' file.txt replace text in output"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sed 's/old/new/g' file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sed 's/old/new/g' file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Replace text in output</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing sed -i 's/old/new/g' file.txt replace text in place"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sed -i 's/old/new/g' file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sed -i 's/old/new/g' file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Replace text in place</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing awk '{print $1}' file.txt print the first field"><div class="cmdrow"><code>awk '{print $1}' file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="awk '{print $1}' file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Print the first field</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing awk -f: '{print $1}' /etc/passwd print the first colon-delimited field"><div class="cmdrow"><code>awk -F: '{print $1}' /etc/passwd</code><button class="copy" data-copy="awk -F: '{print $1}' /etc/passwd">COPY</button></div><p>Print the first colon-delimited field</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing paste file1 file2 merge files side by side"><div class="cmdrow"><code>paste file1 file2</code><button class="copy" data-copy="paste file1 file2">COPY</button></div><p>Merge files side by side</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing comm file1 file2 compare two sorted files"><div class="cmdrow"><code>comm file1 file2</code><button class="copy" data-copy="comm file1 file2">COPY</button></div><p>Compare two sorted files</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing diff -u old.txt new.txt show a unified diff"><div class="cmdrow"><code>diff -u old.txt new.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="diff -u old.txt new.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Show a unified diff</p></article><article class="card" data-search="search & text processing xargs -n1 echo < file.txt build command arguments from stdin"><div class="cmdrow"><code>xargs -n1 echo < file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="xargs -n1 echo < file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Build command arguments from stdin</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="permissions---ownership"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Permissions & Ownership</span><small>13 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="permissions & ownership ls -l show unix permissions and ownership"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ls -l</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ls -l">COPY</button></div><p>Show Unix permissions and ownership</p></article><article class="card" data-search="permissions & ownership chmod 644 file.txt set rw-r--r--"><div class="cmdrow"><code>chmod 644 file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="chmod 644 file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Set rw-r--r--</p></article><article class="card" data-search="permissions & ownership chmod 755 script.sh set rwxr-xr-x"><div class="cmdrow"><code>chmod 755 script.sh</code><button class="copy" data-copy="chmod 755 script.sh">COPY</button></div><p>Set rwxr-xr-x</p></article><article class="card" data-search="permissions & ownership chmod +x script.sh add execute permission"><div class="cmdrow"><code>chmod +x script.sh</code><button class="copy" data-copy="chmod +x script.sh">COPY</button></div><p>Add execute permission</p></article><article class="card" data-search="permissions & ownership chmod -r 750 directory change permissions recursively"><div class="cmdrow"><code>chmod -R 750 directory</code><button class="copy" data-copy="chmod -R 750 directory">COPY</button></div><p>Change permissions recursively</p></article><article class="card" data-search="permissions & ownership chown user file.txt change owner"><div class="cmdrow"><code>chown user file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="chown user file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Change owner</p></article><article class="card" data-search="permissions & ownership chown user:group file.txt change owner and group"><div class="cmdrow"><code>chown user:group file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="chown user:group file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Change owner and group</p></article><article class="card" data-search="permissions & ownership chown -r user:group directory change ownership recursively"><div class="cmdrow"><code>chown -R user:group directory</code><button class="copy" data-copy="chown -R user:group directory">COPY</button></div><p>Change ownership recursively</p></article><article class="card" data-search="permissions & ownership chgrp group file.txt change group ownership"><div class="cmdrow"><code>chgrp group file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="chgrp group file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Change group ownership</p></article><article class="card" data-search="permissions & ownership umask show current creation mask"><div class="cmdrow"><code>umask</code><button class="copy" data-copy="umask">COPY</button></div><p>Show current creation mask</p></article><article class="card" data-search="permissions & ownership umask 022 set a common creation mask"><div class="cmdrow"><code>umask 022</code><button class="copy" data-copy="umask 022">COPY</button></div><p>Set a common creation mask</p></article><article class="card" data-search="permissions & ownership getfacl file.txt display acl permissions"><div class="cmdrow"><code>getfacl file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="getfacl file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Display ACL permissions</p></article><article class="card" data-search="permissions & ownership setfacl -m u:alice:rw file.txt grant acl permissions to a user"><div class="cmdrow"><code>setfacl -m u:alice:rw file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="setfacl -m u:alice:rw file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Grant ACL permissions to a user</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="users---groups"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Users & Groups</span><small>19 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="users & groups whoami print current username"><div class="cmdrow"><code>whoami</code><button class="copy" data-copy="whoami">COPY</button></div><p>Print current username</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups id show uid gid and groups"><div class="cmdrow"><code>id</code><button class="copy" data-copy="id">COPY</button></div><p>Show UID GID and groups</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups id username show another user's identity information"><div class="cmdrow"><code>id username</code><button class="copy" data-copy="id username">COPY</button></div><p>Show another user's identity information</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups who show logged-in users"><div class="cmdrow"><code>who</code><button class="copy" data-copy="who">COPY</button></div><p>Show logged-in users</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups w show logged-in users and activity"><div class="cmdrow"><code>w</code><button class="copy" data-copy="w">COPY</button></div><p>Show logged-in users and activity</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups last show login history"><div class="cmdrow"><code>last</code><button class="copy" data-copy="last">COPY</button></div><p>Show login history</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups users print logged-in usernames"><div class="cmdrow"><code>users</code><button class="copy" data-copy="users">COPY</button></div><p>Print logged-in usernames</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups sudo command run a command with elevated privileges"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo command</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo command">COPY</button></div><p>Run a command with elevated privileges</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups sudo -i open a root login shell"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo -i</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo -i">COPY</button></div><p>Open a root login shell</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups su - username switch to another user"><div class="cmdrow"><code>su - username</code><button class="copy" data-copy="su - username">COPY</button></div><p>Switch to another user</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups useradd -m username create a user and home directory"><div class="cmdrow"><code>useradd -m username</code><button class="copy" data-copy="useradd -m username">COPY</button></div><p>Create a user and home directory</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups adduser username interactive user creation on debian or ubuntu"><div class="cmdrow"><code>adduser username</code><button class="copy" data-copy="adduser username">COPY</button></div><p>Interactive user creation on Debian or Ubuntu</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups passwd username set or change a password"><div class="cmdrow"><code>passwd username</code><button class="copy" data-copy="passwd username">COPY</button></div><p>Set or change a password</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups usermod -ag sudo username add a user to sudo group"><div class="cmdrow"><code>usermod -aG sudo username</code><button class="copy" data-copy="usermod -aG sudo username">COPY</button></div><p>Add a user to sudo group</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups usermod -ag group username add a user to a supplementary group"><div class="cmdrow"><code>usermod -aG group username</code><button class="copy" data-copy="usermod -aG group username">COPY</button></div><p>Add a user to a supplementary group</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups groups username show group memberships"><div class="cmdrow"><code>groups username</code><button class="copy" data-copy="groups username">COPY</button></div><p>Show group memberships</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups groupadd groupname create a group"><div class="cmdrow"><code>groupadd groupname</code><button class="copy" data-copy="groupadd groupname">COPY</button></div><p>Create a group</p></article><article class="card warning" data-search="users & groups userdel -r username delete a user and home directory ⚠"><div class="cmdrow"><code>userdel -r username</code><button class="copy" data-copy="userdel -r username">COPY</button></div><p>Delete a user and home directory ⚠</p></article><article class="card" data-search="users & groups getent passwd username query account information"><div class="cmdrow"><code>getent passwd username</code><button class="copy" data-copy="getent passwd username">COPY</button></div><p>Query account information</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="processes---jobs"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Processes & Jobs</span><small>20 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs ps show processes in the current shell"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ps</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ps">COPY</button></div><p>Show processes in the current shell</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs ps aux show all processes"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ps aux</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ps aux">COPY</button></div><p>Show all processes</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs ps -ef show all processes in full format"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ps -ef</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ps -ef">COPY</button></div><p>Show all processes in full format</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs top interactive process monitor"><div class="cmdrow"><code>top</code><button class="copy" data-copy="top">COPY</button></div><p>Interactive process monitor</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs htop enhanced interactive process monitor"><div class="cmdrow"><code>htop</code><button class="copy" data-copy="htop">COPY</button></div><p>Enhanced interactive process monitor</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs pgrep nginx find pids by name"><div class="cmdrow"><code>pgrep nginx</code><button class="copy" data-copy="pgrep nginx">COPY</button></div><p>Find PIDs by name</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs pidof sshd print pid of a program"><div class="cmdrow"><code>pidof sshd</code><button class="copy" data-copy="pidof sshd">COPY</button></div><p>Print PID of a program</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs kill pid send sigterm"><div class="cmdrow"><code>kill PID</code><button class="copy" data-copy="kill PID">COPY</button></div><p>Send SIGTERM</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs kill -9 pid force-kill with sigkill"><div class="cmdrow"><code>kill -9 PID</code><button class="copy" data-copy="kill -9 PID">COPY</button></div><p>Force-kill with SIGKILL</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs pkill nginx kill processes by name"><div class="cmdrow"><code>pkill nginx</code><button class="copy" data-copy="pkill nginx">COPY</button></div><p>Kill processes by name</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs killall processname kill all matching processes"><div class="cmdrow"><code>killall processname</code><button class="copy" data-copy="killall processname">COPY</button></div><p>Kill all matching processes</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs nice -n 10 command start with adjusted priority"><div class="cmdrow"><code>nice -n 10 command</code><button class="copy" data-copy="nice -n 10 command">COPY</button></div><p>Start with adjusted priority</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs renice 5 -p pid change priority of a running process"><div class="cmdrow"><code>renice 5 -p PID</code><button class="copy" data-copy="renice 5 -p PID">COPY</button></div><p>Change priority of a running process</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs jobs list shell jobs"><div class="cmdrow"><code>jobs</code><button class="copy" data-copy="jobs">COPY</button></div><p>List shell jobs</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs command & run a command in the background"><div class="cmdrow"><code>command &</code><button class="copy" data-copy="command &">COPY</button></div><p>Run a command in the background</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs fg %1 bring job 1 to foreground"><div class="cmdrow"><code>fg %1</code><button class="copy" data-copy="fg %1">COPY</button></div><p>Bring job 1 to foreground</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs bg %1 resume job 1 in background"><div class="cmdrow"><code>bg %1</code><button class="copy" data-copy="bg %1">COPY</button></div><p>Resume job 1 in background</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs nohup command & keep a command running after logout"><div class="cmdrow"><code>nohup command &</code><button class="copy" data-copy="nohup command &">COPY</button></div><p>Keep a command running after logout</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs watch -n 2 command repeat a command every 2 seconds"><div class="cmdrow"><code>watch -n 2 command</code><button class="copy" data-copy="watch -n 2 command">COPY</button></div><p>Repeat a command every 2 seconds</p></article><article class="card" data-search="processes & jobs time command measure execution time"><div class="cmdrow"><code>time command</code><button class="copy" data-copy="time command">COPY</button></div><p>Measure execution time</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="system-information"><button class="sectionhead"><span>System Information</span><small>19 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="system information uname -a show kernel and architecture information"><div class="cmdrow"><code>uname -a</code><button class="copy" data-copy="uname -a">COPY</button></div><p>Show kernel and architecture information</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information uname -r show kernel version"><div class="cmdrow"><code>uname -r</code><button class="copy" data-copy="uname -r">COPY</button></div><p>Show kernel version</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information hostname show hostname"><div class="cmdrow"><code>hostname</code><button class="copy" data-copy="hostname">COPY</button></div><p>Show hostname</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information hostnamectl show hostname and system metadata"><div class="cmdrow"><code>hostnamectl</code><button class="copy" data-copy="hostnamectl">COPY</button></div><p>Show hostname and system metadata</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information cat /etc/os-release show linux distribution information"><div class="cmdrow"><code>cat /etc/os-release</code><button class="copy" data-copy="cat /etc/os-release">COPY</button></div><p>Show Linux distribution information</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information lsb_release -a show distribution details if installed"><div class="cmdrow"><code>lsb_release -a</code><button class="copy" data-copy="lsb_release -a">COPY</button></div><p>Show distribution details if installed</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information uptime show uptime and load averages"><div class="cmdrow"><code>uptime</code><button class="copy" data-copy="uptime">COPY</button></div><p>Show uptime and load averages</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information date show current date and time"><div class="cmdrow"><code>date</code><button class="copy" data-copy="date">COPY</button></div><p>Show current date and time</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information timedatectl show time configuration"><div class="cmdrow"><code>timedatectl</code><button class="copy" data-copy="timedatectl">COPY</button></div><p>Show time configuration</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information cal display a calendar"><div class="cmdrow"><code>cal</code><button class="copy" data-copy="cal">COPY</button></div><p>Display a calendar</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information arch show machine architecture"><div class="cmdrow"><code>arch</code><button class="copy" data-copy="arch">COPY</button></div><p>Show machine architecture</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information lscpu show cpu information"><div class="cmdrow"><code>lscpu</code><button class="copy" data-copy="lscpu">COPY</button></div><p>Show CPU information</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information free -h show memory usage"><div class="cmdrow"><code>free -h</code><button class="copy" data-copy="free -h">COPY</button></div><p>Show memory usage</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information vmstat show memory cpu and process statistics"><div class="cmdrow"><code>vmstat</code><button class="copy" data-copy="vmstat">COPY</button></div><p>Show memory CPU and process statistics</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information lsmem show memory block information"><div class="cmdrow"><code>lsmem</code><button class="copy" data-copy="lsmem">COPY</button></div><p>Show memory block information</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information dmidecode show smbios hardware information"><div class="cmdrow"><code>dmidecode</code><button class="copy" data-copy="dmidecode">COPY</button></div><p>Show SMBIOS hardware information</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information lspci list pci devices"><div class="cmdrow"><code>lspci</code><button class="copy" data-copy="lspci">COPY</button></div><p>List PCI devices</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information lsusb list usb devices"><div class="cmdrow"><code>lsusb</code><button class="copy" data-copy="lsusb">COPY</button></div><p>List USB devices</p></article><article class="card" data-search="system information sensors show hardware temperatures if configured"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sensors</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sensors">COPY</button></div><p>Show hardware temperatures if configured</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="disks---filesystems"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Disks & Filesystems</span><small>20 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems df -h show filesystem disk usage"><div class="cmdrow"><code>df -h</code><button class="copy" data-copy="df -h">COPY</button></div><p>Show filesystem disk usage</p></article><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems df -i show inode usage"><div class="cmdrow"><code>df -i</code><button class="copy" data-copy="df -i">COPY</button></div><p>Show inode usage</p></article><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems du -sh directory show total size of a directory"><div class="cmdrow"><code>du -sh directory</code><button class="copy" data-copy="du -sh directory">COPY</button></div><p>Show total size of a directory</p></article><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems du -h --max-depth=1 show one-level directory sizes"><div class="cmdrow"><code>du -h --max-depth=1</code><button class="copy" data-copy="du -h --max-depth=1">COPY</button></div><p>Show one-level directory sizes</p></article><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems lsblk list block devices"><div class="cmdrow"><code>lsblk</code><button class="copy" data-copy="lsblk">COPY</button></div><p>List block devices</p></article><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems lsblk -f show filesystems on block devices"><div class="cmdrow"><code>lsblk -f</code><button class="copy" data-copy="lsblk -f">COPY</button></div><p>Show filesystems on block devices</p></article><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems blkid show uuids and filesystem types"><div class="cmdrow"><code>blkid</code><button class="copy" data-copy="blkid">COPY</button></div><p>Show UUIDs and filesystem types</p></article><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems fdisk -l list partition tables"><div class="cmdrow"><code>fdisk -l</code><button class="copy" data-copy="fdisk -l">COPY</button></div><p>List partition tables</p></article><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems parted -l list partitions with gnu parted"><div class="cmdrow"><code>parted -l</code><button class="copy" data-copy="parted -l">COPY</button></div><p>List partitions with GNU Parted</p></article><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems mount show mounted filesystems"><div class="cmdrow"><code>mount</code><button class="copy" data-copy="mount">COPY</button></div><p>Show mounted filesystems</p></article><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt mount a filesystem"><div class="cmdrow"><code>mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt">COPY</button></div><p>Mount a filesystem</p></article><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems umount /mnt unmount a filesystem"><div class="cmdrow"><code>umount /mnt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="umount /mnt">COPY</button></div><p>Unmount a filesystem</p></article><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems findmnt show mounted filesystems as a tree"><div class="cmdrow"><code>findmnt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="findmnt">COPY</button></div><p>Show mounted filesystems as a tree</p></article><article class="card warning" data-search="disks & filesystems fsck /dev/sdxn check or repair an unmounted filesystem ⚠"><div class="cmdrow"><code>fsck /dev/sdXN</code><button class="copy" data-copy="fsck /dev/sdXN">COPY</button></div><p>Check or repair an unmounted filesystem ⚠</p></article><article class="card warning" data-search="disks & filesystems mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdxn create an ext4 filesystem and erase existing filesystem data ⚠"><div class="cmdrow"><code>mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdXN</code><button class="copy" data-copy="mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdXN">COPY</button></div><p>Create an ext4 filesystem and erase existing filesystem data ⚠</p></article><article class="card warning" data-search="disks & filesystems mkswap /dev/sdxn create swap space ⚠"><div class="cmdrow"><code>mkswap /dev/sdXN</code><button class="copy" data-copy="mkswap /dev/sdXN">COPY</button></div><p>Create swap space ⚠</p></article><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems swapon --show show active swap"><div class="cmdrow"><code>swapon --show</code><button class="copy" data-copy="swapon --show">COPY</button></div><p>Show active swap</p></article><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems swapon /swapfile enable swap"><div class="cmdrow"><code>swapon /swapfile</code><button class="copy" data-copy="swapon /swapfile">COPY</button></div><p>Enable swap</p></article><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems swapoff /swapfile disable swap"><div class="cmdrow"><code>swapoff /swapfile</code><button class="copy" data-copy="swapoff /swapfile">COPY</button></div><p>Disable swap</p></article><article class="card" data-search="disks & filesystems sync flush filesystem buffers"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sync</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sync">COPY</button></div><p>Flush filesystem buffers</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="networking"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Networking</span><small>25 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="networking ip addr show interfaces and ip addresses"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ip addr</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ip addr">COPY</button></div><p>Show interfaces and IP addresses</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking ip -br addr brief interface and address view"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ip -br addr</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ip -br addr">COPY</button></div><p>Brief interface and address view</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking ip link show link state"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ip link</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ip link">COPY</button></div><p>Show link state</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking ip route show routing table"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ip route</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ip route">COPY</button></div><p>Show routing table</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking ip neigh show neighbor or arp table"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ip neigh</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ip neigh">COPY</button></div><p>Show neighbor or ARP table</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking hostname -i show host ip addresses"><div class="cmdrow"><code>hostname -I</code><button class="copy" data-copy="hostname -I">COPY</button></div><p>Show host IP addresses</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking ping 8.8.8.8 test ip connectivity"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ping 8.8.8.8</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ping 8.8.8.8">COPY</button></div><p>Test IP connectivity</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking ping -c 4 example.com send four icmp requests"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ping -c 4 example.com</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ping -c 4 example.com">COPY</button></div><p>Send four ICMP requests</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking traceroute example.com trace the network path"><div class="cmdrow"><code>traceroute example.com</code><button class="copy" data-copy="traceroute example.com">COPY</button></div><p>Trace the network path</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking tracepath example.com trace path without raw-socket privileges"><div class="cmdrow"><code>tracepath example.com</code><button class="copy" data-copy="tracepath example.com">COPY</button></div><p>Trace path without raw-socket privileges</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking ss -tulpn show listening tcp and udp sockets"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ss -tulpn</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ss -tulpn">COPY</button></div><p>Show listening TCP and UDP sockets</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking ss -tan show tcp connections"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ss -tan</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ss -tan">COPY</button></div><p>Show TCP connections</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking netstat -tulpn legacy socket and listener view"><div class="cmdrow"><code>netstat -tulpn</code><button class="copy" data-copy="netstat -tulpn">COPY</button></div><p>Legacy socket and listener view</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking curl https://example.com fetch a url"><div class="cmdrow"><code>curl https://example.com</code><button class="copy" data-copy="curl https://example.com">COPY</button></div><p>Fetch a URL</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking curl -i https://example.com fetch http headers"><div class="cmdrow"><code>curl -I https://example.com</code><button class="copy" data-copy="curl -I https://example.com">COPY</button></div><p>Fetch HTTP headers</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking curl -o https://example.com/file.iso download using the remote filename"><div class="cmdrow"><code>curl -O https://example.com/file.iso</code><button class="copy" data-copy="curl -O https://example.com/file.iso">COPY</button></div><p>Download using the remote filename</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking wget https://example.com/file.iso download a file"><div class="cmdrow"><code>wget https://example.com/file.iso</code><button class="copy" data-copy="wget https://example.com/file.iso">COPY</button></div><p>Download a file</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking dig example.com query dns"><div class="cmdrow"><code>dig example.com</code><button class="copy" data-copy="dig example.com">COPY</button></div><p>Query DNS</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking dig +short example.com concise dns query"><div class="cmdrow"><code>dig +short example.com</code><button class="copy" data-copy="dig +short example.com">COPY</button></div><p>Concise DNS query</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking nslookup example.com simple dns lookup"><div class="cmdrow"><code>nslookup example.com</code><button class="copy" data-copy="nslookup example.com">COPY</button></div><p>Simple DNS lookup</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking host example.com dns lookup with host"><div class="cmdrow"><code>host example.com</code><button class="copy" data-copy="host example.com">COPY</button></div><p>DNS lookup with host</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking resolvectl status show systemd-resolved status"><div class="cmdrow"><code>resolvectl status</code><button class="copy" data-copy="resolvectl status">COPY</button></div><p>Show systemd-resolved status</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking nmcli device status show networkmanager devices"><div class="cmdrow"><code>nmcli device status</code><button class="copy" data-copy="nmcli device status">COPY</button></div><p>Show NetworkManager devices</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking nmcli connection show list networkmanager connections"><div class="cmdrow"><code>nmcli connection show</code><button class="copy" data-copy="nmcli connection show">COPY</button></div><p>List NetworkManager connections</p></article><article class="card" data-search="networking ethtool eth0 show ethernet link details"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ethtool eth0</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ethtool eth0">COPY</button></div><p>Show Ethernet link details</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="ssh---remote-access"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Ssh & Remote Access</span><small>11 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="ssh & remote access ssh user@server connect to a remote host"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ssh user@server</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ssh user@server">COPY</button></div><p>Connect to a remote host</p></article><article class="card" data-search="ssh & remote access ssh -p 2222 user@server ssh on a custom port"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ssh -p 2222 user@server</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ssh -p 2222 user@server">COPY</button></div><p>SSH on a custom port</p></article><article class="card" data-search="ssh & remote access ssh-keygen -t ed25519 generate an ed25519 ssh key"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ssh-keygen -t ed25519</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ssh-keygen -t ed25519">COPY</button></div><p>Generate an Ed25519 SSH key</p></article><article class="card" data-search="ssh & remote access ssh-copy-id user@server install your public key remotely"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ssh-copy-id user@server</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ssh-copy-id user@server">COPY</button></div><p>Install your public key remotely</p></article><article class="card" data-search="ssh & remote access scp file user@server:/path/ copy a file to a remote host"><div class="cmdrow"><code>scp file user@server:/path/</code><button class="copy" data-copy="scp file user@server:/path/">COPY</button></div><p>Copy a file to a remote host</p></article><article class="card" data-search="ssh & remote access scp user@server:/path/file . copy a remote file locally"><div class="cmdrow"><code>scp user@server:/path/file .</code><button class="copy" data-copy="scp user@server:/path/file .">COPY</button></div><p>Copy a remote file locally</p></article><article class="card" data-search="ssh & remote access scp -r directory user@server:/path/ copy a directory over ssh"><div class="cmdrow"><code>scp -r directory user@server:/path/</code><button class="copy" data-copy="scp -r directory user@server:/path/">COPY</button></div><p>Copy a directory over SSH</p></article><article class="card" data-search="ssh & remote access sftp user@server open an sftp session"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sftp user@server</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sftp user@server">COPY</button></div><p>Open an SFTP session</p></article><article class="card" data-search="ssh & remote access rsync -av source/ dest/ synchronize directories locally"><div class="cmdrow"><code>rsync -av source/ dest/</code><button class="copy" data-copy="rsync -av source/ dest/">COPY</button></div><p>Synchronize directories locally</p></article><article class="card" data-search="ssh & remote access rsync -avz source/ user@server:/path/ synchronize to a remote host"><div class="cmdrow"><code>rsync -avz source/ user@server:/path/</code><button class="copy" data-copy="rsync -avz source/ user@server:/path/">COPY</button></div><p>Synchronize to a remote host</p></article><article class="card" data-search="ssh & remote access ssh -l 8080:localhost:80 user@server create a local ssh port forward"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ssh -L 8080:localhost:80 user@server</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ssh -L 8080:localhost:80 user@server">COPY</button></div><p>Create a local SSH port forward</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="systemd---services"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Systemd & Services</span><small>15 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="systemd & services systemctl status ssh show service status"><div class="cmdrow"><code>systemctl status ssh</code><button class="copy" data-copy="systemctl status ssh">COPY</button></div><p>Show service status</p></article><article class="card" data-search="systemd & services systemctl start ssh start a service"><div class="cmdrow"><code>systemctl start ssh</code><button class="copy" data-copy="systemctl start ssh">COPY</button></div><p>Start a service</p></article><article class="card" data-search="systemd & services systemctl stop ssh stop a service"><div class="cmdrow"><code>systemctl stop ssh</code><button class="copy" data-copy="systemctl stop ssh">COPY</button></div><p>Stop a service</p></article><article class="card" data-search="systemd & services systemctl restart ssh restart a service"><div class="cmdrow"><code>systemctl restart ssh</code><button class="copy" data-copy="systemctl restart ssh">COPY</button></div><p>Restart a service</p></article><article class="card" data-search="systemd & services systemctl reload nginx reload service configuration if supported"><div class="cmdrow"><code>systemctl reload nginx</code><button class="copy" data-copy="systemctl reload nginx">COPY</button></div><p>Reload service configuration if supported</p></article><article class="card" data-search="systemd & services systemctl enable ssh enable a service at boot"><div class="cmdrow"><code>systemctl enable ssh</code><button class="copy" data-copy="systemctl enable ssh">COPY</button></div><p>Enable a service at boot</p></article><article class="card" data-search="systemd & services systemctl disable ssh disable a service at boot"><div class="cmdrow"><code>systemctl disable ssh</code><button class="copy" data-copy="systemctl disable ssh">COPY</button></div><p>Disable a service at boot</p></article><article class="card" data-search="systemd & services systemctl enable --now ssh enable and start immediately"><div class="cmdrow"><code>systemctl enable --now ssh</code><button class="copy" data-copy="systemctl enable --now ssh">COPY</button></div><p>Enable and start immediately</p></article><article class="card" data-search="systemd & services systemctl list-units --type=service list loaded services"><div class="cmdrow"><code>systemctl list-units --type=service</code><button class="copy" data-copy="systemctl list-units --type=service">COPY</button></div><p>List loaded services</p></article><article class="card" data-search="systemd & services systemctl list-unit-files list installed unit files"><div class="cmdrow"><code>systemctl list-unit-files</code><button class="copy" data-copy="systemctl list-unit-files">COPY</button></div><p>List installed unit files</p></article><article class="card" data-search="systemd & services systemctl daemon-reload reload systemd unit definitions"><div class="cmdrow"><code>systemctl daemon-reload</code><button class="copy" data-copy="systemctl daemon-reload">COPY</button></div><p>Reload systemd unit definitions</p></article><article class="card" data-search="systemd & services systemctl is-active ssh check whether a service is active"><div class="cmdrow"><code>systemctl is-active ssh</code><button class="copy" data-copy="systemctl is-active ssh">COPY</button></div><p>Check whether a service is active</p></article><article class="card" data-search="systemd & services systemctl is-enabled ssh check whether a service starts at boot"><div class="cmdrow"><code>systemctl is-enabled ssh</code><button class="copy" data-copy="systemctl is-enabled ssh">COPY</button></div><p>Check whether a service starts at boot</p></article><article class="card" data-search="systemd & services systemctl reboot reboot the system"><div class="cmdrow"><code>systemctl reboot</code><button class="copy" data-copy="systemctl reboot">COPY</button></div><p>Reboot the system</p></article><article class="card" data-search="systemd & services systemctl poweroff power off the system"><div class="cmdrow"><code>systemctl poweroff</code><button class="copy" data-copy="systemctl poweroff">COPY</button></div><p>Power off the system</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="logs---troubleshooting"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Logs & Troubleshooting</span><small>12 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="logs & troubleshooting journalctl view the systemd journal"><div class="cmdrow"><code>journalctl</code><button class="copy" data-copy="journalctl">COPY</button></div><p>View the systemd journal</p></article><article class="card" data-search="logs & troubleshooting journalctl -b show logs from current boot"><div class="cmdrow"><code>journalctl -b</code><button class="copy" data-copy="journalctl -b">COPY</button></div><p>Show logs from current boot</p></article><article class="card" data-search="logs & troubleshooting journalctl -b -1 show logs from previous boot"><div class="cmdrow"><code>journalctl -b -1</code><button class="copy" data-copy="journalctl -b -1">COPY</button></div><p>Show logs from previous boot</p></article><article class="card" data-search="logs & troubleshooting journalctl -u ssh show logs for a service"><div class="cmdrow"><code>journalctl -u ssh</code><button class="copy" data-copy="journalctl -u ssh">COPY</button></div><p>Show logs for a service</p></article><article class="card" data-search="logs & troubleshooting journalctl -u nginx -f follow service logs"><div class="cmdrow"><code>journalctl -u nginx -f</code><button class="copy" data-copy="journalctl -u nginx -f">COPY</button></div><p>Follow service logs</p></article><article class="card" data-search="logs & troubleshooting journalctl -p err show error-priority messages"><div class="cmdrow"><code>journalctl -p err</code><button class="copy" data-copy="journalctl -p err">COPY</button></div><p>Show error-priority messages</p></article><article class="card" data-search="logs & troubleshooting journalctl --since '1 hour ago' show recent logs"><div class="cmdrow"><code>journalctl --since '1 hour ago'</code><button class="copy" data-copy="journalctl --since '1 hour ago'">COPY</button></div><p>Show recent logs</p></article><article class="card" data-search="logs & troubleshooting dmesg show kernel messages"><div class="cmdrow"><code>dmesg</code><button class="copy" data-copy="dmesg">COPY</button></div><p>Show kernel messages</p></article><article class="card" data-search="logs & troubleshooting dmesg -t show kernel messages with readable timestamps"><div class="cmdrow"><code>dmesg -T</code><button class="copy" data-copy="dmesg -T">COPY</button></div><p>Show kernel messages with readable timestamps</p></article><article class="card" data-search="logs & troubleshooting tail -f /var/log/syslog follow ubuntu or debian system log"><div class="cmdrow"><code>tail -f /var/log/syslog</code><button class="copy" data-copy="tail -f /var/log/syslog">COPY</button></div><p>Follow Ubuntu or Debian system log</p></article><article class="card" data-search="logs & troubleshooting tail -f /var/log/messages follow common rhel-family system log"><div class="cmdrow"><code>tail -f /var/log/messages</code><button class="copy" data-copy="tail -f /var/log/messages">COPY</button></div><p>Follow common RHEL-family system log</p></article><article class="card" data-search="logs & troubleshooting lastb show failed login attempts where supported"><div class="cmdrow"><code>lastb</code><button class="copy" data-copy="lastb">COPY</button></div><p>Show failed login attempts where supported</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="apt---debian---ubuntu"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Apt — Debian & Ubuntu</span><small>12 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="apt — debian & ubuntu sudo apt update refresh package indexes"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo apt update</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo apt update">COPY</button></div><p>Refresh package indexes</p></article><article class="card" data-search="apt — debian & ubuntu sudo apt upgrade upgrade installed packages"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo apt upgrade</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo apt upgrade">COPY</button></div><p>Upgrade installed packages</p></article><article class="card" data-search="apt — debian & ubuntu sudo apt full-upgrade upgrade allowing dependency changes"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo apt full-upgrade</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo apt full-upgrade">COPY</button></div><p>Upgrade allowing dependency changes</p></article><article class="card" data-search="apt — debian & ubuntu sudo apt install package install a package"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo apt install package</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo apt install package">COPY</button></div><p>Install a package</p></article><article class="card" data-search="apt — debian & ubuntu sudo apt remove package remove a package"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo apt remove package</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo apt remove package">COPY</button></div><p>Remove a package</p></article><article class="card" data-search="apt — debian & ubuntu sudo apt purge package remove package and configuration"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo apt purge package</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo apt purge package">COPY</button></div><p>Remove package and configuration</p></article><article class="card" data-search="apt — debian & ubuntu sudo apt autoremove remove unused dependencies"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo apt autoremove</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo apt autoremove">COPY</button></div><p>Remove unused dependencies</p></article><article class="card" data-search="apt — debian & ubuntu apt search keyword search packages"><div class="cmdrow"><code>apt search keyword</code><button class="copy" data-copy="apt search keyword">COPY</button></div><p>Search packages</p></article><article class="card" data-search="apt — debian & ubuntu apt show package show package information"><div class="cmdrow"><code>apt show package</code><button class="copy" data-copy="apt show package">COPY</button></div><p>Show package information</p></article><article class="card" data-search="apt — debian & ubuntu dpkg -l list installed debian packages"><div class="cmdrow"><code>dpkg -l</code><button class="copy" data-copy="dpkg -l">COPY</button></div><p>List installed Debian packages</p></article><article class="card" data-search="apt — debian & ubuntu dpkg -l package list files installed by a package"><div class="cmdrow"><code>dpkg -L package</code><button class="copy" data-copy="dpkg -L package">COPY</button></div><p>List files installed by a package</p></article><article class="card" data-search="apt — debian & ubuntu sudo dpkg -i file.deb install a local deb package"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo dpkg -i file.deb</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo dpkg -i file.deb">COPY</button></div><p>Install a local DEB package</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="dnf---rpm---fedora-rhel"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Dnf & Rpm — Fedora/Rhel</span><small>8 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="dnf & rpm — fedora/rhel sudo dnf check-update check for updates"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo dnf check-update</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo dnf check-update">COPY</button></div><p>Check for updates</p></article><article class="card" data-search="dnf & rpm — fedora/rhel sudo dnf upgrade upgrade installed packages"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo dnf upgrade</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo dnf upgrade">COPY</button></div><p>Upgrade installed packages</p></article><article class="card" data-search="dnf & rpm — fedora/rhel sudo dnf install package install a package"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo dnf install package</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo dnf install package">COPY</button></div><p>Install a package</p></article><article class="card" data-search="dnf & rpm — fedora/rhel sudo dnf remove package remove a package"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo dnf remove package</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo dnf remove package">COPY</button></div><p>Remove a package</p></article><article class="card" data-search="dnf & rpm — fedora/rhel dnf search keyword search packages"><div class="cmdrow"><code>dnf search keyword</code><button class="copy" data-copy="dnf search keyword">COPY</button></div><p>Search packages</p></article><article class="card" data-search="dnf & rpm — fedora/rhel dnf info package show package information"><div class="cmdrow"><code>dnf info package</code><button class="copy" data-copy="dnf info package">COPY</button></div><p>Show package information</p></article><article class="card" data-search="dnf & rpm — fedora/rhel rpm -qa list installed rpm packages"><div class="cmdrow"><code>rpm -qa</code><button class="copy" data-copy="rpm -qa">COPY</button></div><p>List installed RPM packages</p></article><article class="card" data-search="dnf & rpm — fedora/rhel rpm -ql package list files from an installed rpm package"><div class="cmdrow"><code>rpm -ql package</code><button class="copy" data-copy="rpm -ql package">COPY</button></div><p>List files from an installed RPM package</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="pacman---arch"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Pacman — Arch</span><small>6 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="pacman — arch sudo pacman -syu update repositories and upgrade the system"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo pacman -Syu</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo pacman -Syu">COPY</button></div><p>Update repositories and upgrade the system</p></article><article class="card" data-search="pacman — arch sudo pacman -s package install a package"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo pacman -S package</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo pacman -S package">COPY</button></div><p>Install a package</p></article><article class="card" data-search="pacman — arch sudo pacman -r package remove a package"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo pacman -R package</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo pacman -R package">COPY</button></div><p>Remove a package</p></article><article class="card" data-search="pacman — arch sudo pacman -rs package remove a package and unneeded dependencies"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo pacman -Rs package</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo pacman -Rs package">COPY</button></div><p>Remove a package and unneeded dependencies</p></article><article class="card" data-search="pacman — arch pacman -ss keyword search repositories"><div class="cmdrow"><code>pacman -Ss keyword</code><button class="copy" data-copy="pacman -Ss keyword">COPY</button></div><p>Search repositories</p></article><article class="card" data-search="pacman — arch pacman -qi package show installed package information"><div class="cmdrow"><code>pacman -Qi package</code><button class="copy" data-copy="pacman -Qi package">COPY</button></div><p>Show installed package information</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="archives---compression"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Archives & Compression</span><small>13 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="archives & compression tar -czf archive.tar.gz directory/ create a gzip-compressed tar archive"><div class="cmdrow"><code>tar -czf archive.tar.gz directory/</code><button class="copy" data-copy="tar -czf archive.tar.gz directory/">COPY</button></div><p>Create a gzip-compressed tar archive</p></article><article class="card" data-search="archives & compression tar -xzf archive.tar.gz extract a tar.gz archive"><div class="cmdrow"><code>tar -xzf archive.tar.gz</code><button class="copy" data-copy="tar -xzf archive.tar.gz">COPY</button></div><p>Extract a tar.gz archive</p></article><article class="card" data-search="archives & compression tar -cjf archive.tar.xz directory/ create an xz-compressed tar archive"><div class="cmdrow"><code>tar -cJf archive.tar.xz directory/</code><button class="copy" data-copy="tar -cJf archive.tar.xz directory/">COPY</button></div><p>Create an xz-compressed tar archive</p></article><article class="card" data-search="archives & compression tar -xjf archive.tar.xz extract a tar.xz archive"><div class="cmdrow"><code>tar -xJf archive.tar.xz</code><button class="copy" data-copy="tar -xJf archive.tar.xz">COPY</button></div><p>Extract a tar.xz archive</p></article><article class="card" data-search="archives & compression tar -tf archive.tar.gz list archive contents"><div class="cmdrow"><code>tar -tf archive.tar.gz</code><button class="copy" data-copy="tar -tf archive.tar.gz">COPY</button></div><p>List archive contents</p></article><article class="card" data-search="archives & compression zip -r archive.zip directory/ create a zip archive"><div class="cmdrow"><code>zip -r archive.zip directory/</code><button class="copy" data-copy="zip -r archive.zip directory/">COPY</button></div><p>Create a ZIP archive</p></article><article class="card" data-search="archives & compression unzip archive.zip extract a zip archive"><div class="cmdrow"><code>unzip archive.zip</code><button class="copy" data-copy="unzip archive.zip">COPY</button></div><p>Extract a ZIP archive</p></article><article class="card" data-search="archives & compression gzip file compress to file.gz"><div class="cmdrow"><code>gzip file</code><button class="copy" data-copy="gzip file">COPY</button></div><p>Compress to file.gz</p></article><article class="card" data-search="archives & compression gunzip file.gz decompress gzip"><div class="cmdrow"><code>gunzip file.gz</code><button class="copy" data-copy="gunzip file.gz">COPY</button></div><p>Decompress gzip</p></article><article class="card" data-search="archives & compression xz file compress with xz"><div class="cmdrow"><code>xz file</code><button class="copy" data-copy="xz file">COPY</button></div><p>Compress with xz</p></article><article class="card" data-search="archives & compression unxz file.xz decompress xz"><div class="cmdrow"><code>unxz file.xz</code><button class="copy" data-copy="unxz file.xz">COPY</button></div><p>Decompress xz</p></article><article class="card" data-search="archives & compression 7z a archive.7z directory/ create a 7-zip archive"><div class="cmdrow"><code>7z a archive.7z directory/</code><button class="copy" data-copy="7z a archive.7z directory/">COPY</button></div><p>Create a 7-Zip archive</p></article><article class="card" data-search="archives & compression 7z x archive.7z extract a 7-zip archive"><div class="cmdrow"><code>7z x archive.7z</code><button class="copy" data-copy="7z x archive.7z">COPY</button></div><p>Extract a 7-Zip archive</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="shell---environment"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Shell & Environment</span><small>17 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment echo $path print executable search path"><div class="cmdrow"><code>echo $PATH</code><button class="copy" data-copy="echo $PATH">COPY</button></div><p>Print executable search path</p></article><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment env show environment variables"><div class="cmdrow"><code>env</code><button class="copy" data-copy="env">COPY</button></div><p>Show environment variables</p></article><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment printenv print environment variables"><div class="cmdrow"><code>printenv</code><button class="copy" data-copy="printenv">COPY</button></div><p>Print environment variables</p></article><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment export var=value set an environment variable"><div class="cmdrow"><code>export VAR=value</code><button class="copy" data-copy="export VAR=value">COPY</button></div><p>Set an environment variable</p></article><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment unset var remove an environment variable"><div class="cmdrow"><code>unset VAR</code><button class="copy" data-copy="unset VAR">COPY</button></div><p>Remove an environment variable</p></article><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment history show shell history"><div class="cmdrow"><code>history</code><button class="copy" data-copy="history">COPY</button></div><p>Show shell history</p></article><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment history grep ssh|search shell history"><div class="cmdrow"><code>history</code><button class="copy" data-copy="history">COPY</button></div><p>grep ssh|Search shell history</p></article><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment !! run the previous command again"><div class="cmdrow"><code>!!</code><button class="copy" data-copy="!!">COPY</button></div><p>Run the previous command again</p></article><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment !123 run history entry 123"><div class="cmdrow"><code>!123</code><button class="copy" data-copy="!123">COPY</button></div><p>Run history entry 123</p></article><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment alias ll='ls -lah' create a temporary alias"><div class="cmdrow"><code>alias ll='ls -lah'</code><button class="copy" data-copy="alias ll='ls -lah'">COPY</button></div><p>Create a temporary alias</p></article><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment unalias ll remove an alias"><div class="cmdrow"><code>unalias ll</code><button class="copy" data-copy="unalias ll">COPY</button></div><p>Remove an alias</p></article><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment which python3 locate an executable"><div class="cmdrow"><code>which python3</code><button class="copy" data-copy="which python3">COPY</button></div><p>Locate an executable</p></article><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment command -v python3 portable command lookup"><div class="cmdrow"><code>command -v python3</code><button class="copy" data-copy="command -v python3">COPY</button></div><p>Portable command lookup</p></article><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment type cd describe how a command name is interpreted"><div class="cmdrow"><code>type cd</code><button class="copy" data-copy="type cd">COPY</button></div><p>Describe how a command name is interpreted</p></article><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment source ~/.bashrc reload bash configuration"><div class="cmdrow"><code>source ~/.bashrc</code><button class="copy" data-copy="source ~/.bashrc">COPY</button></div><p>Reload Bash configuration</p></article><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment bash script.sh run a bash script"><div class="cmdrow"><code>bash script.sh</code><button class="copy" data-copy="bash script.sh">COPY</button></div><p>Run a Bash script</p></article><article class="card" data-search="shell & environment ./script.sh run an executable script from current directory"><div class="cmdrow"><code>./script.sh</code><button class="copy" data-copy="./script.sh">COPY</button></div><p>Run an executable script from current directory</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="redirection---pipes"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Redirection & Pipes</span><small>11 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="redirection & pipes command > file.txt redirect stdout and overwrite"><div class="cmdrow"><code>command > file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="command > file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Redirect stdout and overwrite</p></article><article class="card" data-search="redirection & pipes command >> file.txt append stdout"><div class="cmdrow"><code>command >> file.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="command >> file.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Append stdout</p></article><article class="card" data-search="redirection & pipes command 2> errors.txt redirect stderr"><div class="cmdrow"><code>command 2> errors.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="command 2> errors.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Redirect stderr</p></article><article class="card" data-search="redirection & pipes command > out.txt 2>&1 redirect stdout and stderr together"><div class="cmdrow"><code>command > out.txt 2>&1</code><button class="copy" data-copy="command > out.txt 2>&1">COPY</button></div><p>Redirect stdout and stderr together</p></article><article class="card" data-search="redirection & pipes command1 command2|pipe output into another command"><div class="cmdrow"><code>command1</code><button class="copy" data-copy="command1">COPY</button></div><p>command2|Pipe output into another command</p></article><article class="card" data-search="redirection & pipes command tee file.txt|display and save output"><div class="cmdrow"><code>command</code><button class="copy" data-copy="command">COPY</button></div><p>tee file.txt|Display and save output</p></article><article class="card" data-search="redirection & pipes command tee -a file.txt|display and append output"><div class="cmdrow"><code>command</code><button class="copy" data-copy="command">COPY</button></div><p>tee -a file.txt|Display and append output</p></article><article class="card" data-search="redirection & pipes command < input.txt use a file as stdin"><div class="cmdrow"><code>command < input.txt</code><button class="copy" data-copy="command < input.txt">COPY</button></div><p>Use a file as stdin</p></article><article class="card" data-search="redirection & pipes cmd1 && cmd2 run cmd2 only if cmd1 succeeds"><div class="cmdrow"><code>cmd1 && cmd2</code><button class="copy" data-copy="cmd1 && cmd2">COPY</button></div><p>Run cmd2 only if cmd1 succeeds</p></article><article class="card" data-search="redirection & pipes cmd1 | cmd2|run cmd2 only if cmd1 fails"><div class="cmdrow"><code>cmd1</code><button class="copy" data-copy="cmd1">COPY</button></div><p>| cmd2|Run cmd2 only if cmd1 fails</p></article><article class="card" data-search="redirection & pipes cmd1 ; cmd2 run sequentially regardless of status"><div class="cmdrow"><code>cmd1 ; cmd2</code><button class="copy" data-copy="cmd1 ; cmd2">COPY</button></div><p>Run sequentially regardless of status</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="disk-imaging"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Disk Imaging</span><small>3 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="disk imaging dd if=input.img of=output.img bs=4m status=progress copy an image or file with progress"><div class="cmdrow"><code>dd if=input.img of=output.img bs=4M status=progress</code><button class="copy" data-copy="dd if=input.img of=output.img bs=4M status=progress">COPY</button></div><p>Copy an image or file with progress</p></article><article class="card warning" data-search="disk imaging dd if=/dev/sdx of=disk.img bs=4m status=progress create a raw disk image ⚠"><div class="cmdrow"><code>dd if=/dev/sdX of=disk.img bs=4M status=progress</code><button class="copy" data-copy="dd if=/dev/sdX of=disk.img bs=4M status=progress">COPY</button></div><p>Create a raw disk image ⚠</p></article><article class="card warning" data-search="disk imaging dd if=disk.img of=/dev/sdx bs=4m status=progress write a raw image to a disk ⚠"><div class="cmdrow"><code>dd if=disk.img of=/dev/sdX bs=4M status=progress</code><button class="copy" data-copy="dd if=disk.img of=/dev/sdX bs=4M status=progress">COPY</button></div><p>Write a raw image to a disk ⚠</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="scheduling"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Scheduling</span><small>7 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="scheduling crontab -e edit current user's cron jobs"><div class="cmdrow"><code>crontab -e</code><button class="copy" data-copy="crontab -e">COPY</button></div><p>Edit current user's cron jobs</p></article><article class="card" data-search="scheduling crontab -l list current user's cron jobs"><div class="cmdrow"><code>crontab -l</code><button class="copy" data-copy="crontab -l">COPY</button></div><p>List current user's cron jobs</p></article><article class="card" data-search="scheduling sudo crontab -e edit root's cron jobs"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo crontab -e</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo crontab -e">COPY</button></div><p>Edit root's cron jobs</p></article><article class="card" data-search="scheduling at 17:00 schedule a one-time job for 5 pm"><div class="cmdrow"><code>at 17:00</code><button class="copy" data-copy="at 17:00">COPY</button></div><p>Schedule a one-time job for 5 PM</p></article><article class="card" data-search="scheduling atq list queued at jobs"><div class="cmdrow"><code>atq</code><button class="copy" data-copy="atq">COPY</button></div><p>List queued at jobs</p></article><article class="card" data-search="scheduling atrm jobid remove a queued at job"><div class="cmdrow"><code>atrm JOBID</code><button class="copy" data-copy="atrm JOBID">COPY</button></div><p>Remove a queued at job</p></article><article class="card" data-search="scheduling systemctl list-timers list systemd timers"><div class="cmdrow"><code>systemctl list-timers</code><button class="copy" data-copy="systemctl list-timers">COPY</button></div><p>List systemd timers</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="firewall-basics"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Firewall Basics</span><small>10 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="firewall basics sudo ufw status show ufw status"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo ufw status</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo ufw status">COPY</button></div><p>Show UFW status</p></article><article class="card" data-search="firewall basics sudo ufw enable enable ufw"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo ufw enable</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo ufw enable">COPY</button></div><p>Enable UFW</p></article><article class="card" data-search="firewall basics sudo ufw allow 22/tcp allow tcp port 22"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo ufw allow 22/tcp</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo ufw allow 22/tcp">COPY</button></div><p>Allow TCP port 22</p></article><article class="card" data-search="firewall basics sudo ufw deny 23/tcp deny tcp port 23"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo ufw deny 23/tcp</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo ufw deny 23/tcp">COPY</button></div><p>Deny TCP port 23</p></article><article class="card" data-search="firewall basics sudo ufw delete allow 22/tcp delete an allow rule"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo ufw delete allow 22/tcp</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo ufw delete allow 22/tcp">COPY</button></div><p>Delete an allow rule</p></article><article class="card" data-search="firewall basics sudo firewall-cmd --state check firewalld status"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo firewall-cmd --state</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo firewall-cmd --state">COPY</button></div><p>Check firewalld status</p></article><article class="card" data-search="firewall basics sudo firewall-cmd --list-all show active firewalld rules"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo firewall-cmd --list-all</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo firewall-cmd --list-all">COPY</button></div><p>Show active firewalld rules</p></article><article class="card" data-search="firewall basics sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent permanently allow http"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent">COPY</button></div><p>Permanently allow HTTP</p></article><article class="card" data-search="firewall basics sudo firewall-cmd --reload reload firewalld"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo firewall-cmd --reload</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo firewall-cmd --reload">COPY</button></div><p>Reload firewalld</p></article><article class="card" data-search="firewall basics sudo nft list ruleset display nftables rules"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo nft list ruleset</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo nft list ruleset">COPY</button></div><p>Display nftables rules</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="docker"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Docker</span><small>22 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="docker docker version show docker versions"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker version</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker version">COPY</button></div><p>Show Docker versions</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker info show docker engine information"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker info</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker info">COPY</button></div><p>Show Docker engine information</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker ps list running containers"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker ps</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker ps">COPY</button></div><p>List running containers</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker ps -a list all containers"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker ps -a</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker ps -a">COPY</button></div><p>List all containers</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker images list local images"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker images</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker images">COPY</button></div><p>List local images</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker pull nginx download an image"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker pull nginx</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker pull nginx">COPY</button></div><p>Download an image</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker run --name web -p 8080:80 -d nginx run nginx in the background"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker run --name web -p 8080:80 -d nginx</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker run --name web -p 8080:80 -d nginx">COPY</button></div><p>Run nginx in the background</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker stop web stop a container"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker stop web</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker stop web">COPY</button></div><p>Stop a container</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker start web start a stopped container"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker start web</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker start web">COPY</button></div><p>Start a stopped container</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker restart web restart a container"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker restart web</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker restart web">COPY</button></div><p>Restart a container</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker rm web remove a stopped container"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker rm web</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker rm web">COPY</button></div><p>Remove a stopped container</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker rmi nginx remove an image"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker rmi nginx</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker rmi nginx">COPY</button></div><p>Remove an image</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker logs web show container logs"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker logs web</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker logs web">COPY</button></div><p>Show container logs</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker logs -f web follow container logs"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker logs -f web</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker logs -f web">COPY</button></div><p>Follow container logs</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker exec -it web bash open a bash shell inside a container"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker exec -it web bash</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker exec -it web bash">COPY</button></div><p>Open a Bash shell inside a container</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker inspect web show detailed metadata"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker inspect web</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker inspect web">COPY</button></div><p>Show detailed metadata</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker stats show live resource usage"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker stats</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker stats">COPY</button></div><p>Show live resource usage</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker volume ls list volumes"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker volume ls</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker volume ls">COPY</button></div><p>List volumes</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker network ls list networks"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker network ls</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker network ls">COPY</button></div><p>List networks</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker compose up -d start a compose project"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker compose up -d</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker compose up -d">COPY</button></div><p>Start a Compose project</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker compose down stop and remove compose resources"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker compose down</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker compose down">COPY</button></div><p>Stop and remove Compose resources</p></article><article class="card" data-search="docker docker compose logs -f follow compose logs"><div class="cmdrow"><code>docker compose logs -f</code><button class="copy" data-copy="docker compose logs -f">COPY</button></div><p>Follow Compose logs</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="git"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Git</span><small>16 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="git git init initialize a repository"><div class="cmdrow"><code>git init</code><button class="copy" data-copy="git init">COPY</button></div><p>Initialize a repository</p></article><article class="card" data-search="git git clone url clone a remote repository"><div class="cmdrow"><code>git clone URL</code><button class="copy" data-copy="git clone URL">COPY</button></div><p>Clone a remote repository</p></article><article class="card" data-search="git git status show repository status"><div class="cmdrow"><code>git status</code><button class="copy" data-copy="git status">COPY</button></div><p>Show repository status</p></article><article class="card" data-search="git git add file stage a file"><div class="cmdrow"><code>git add file</code><button class="copy" data-copy="git add file">COPY</button></div><p>Stage a file</p></article><article class="card" data-search="git git add . stage changes under the current directory"><div class="cmdrow"><code>git add .</code><button class="copy" data-copy="git add .">COPY</button></div><p>Stage changes under the current directory</p></article><article class="card" data-search="git git commit -m 'message' create a commit"><div class="cmdrow"><code>git commit -m 'message'</code><button class="copy" data-copy="git commit -m 'message'">COPY</button></div><p>Create a commit</p></article><article class="card" data-search="git git log --oneline --graph --decorate show a compact commit graph"><div class="cmdrow"><code>git log --oneline --graph --decorate</code><button class="copy" data-copy="git log --oneline --graph --decorate">COPY</button></div><p>Show a compact commit graph</p></article><article class="card" data-search="git git diff show unstaged changes"><div class="cmdrow"><code>git diff</code><button class="copy" data-copy="git diff">COPY</button></div><p>Show unstaged changes</p></article><article class="card" data-search="git git diff --staged show staged changes"><div class="cmdrow"><code>git diff --staged</code><button class="copy" data-copy="git diff --staged">COPY</button></div><p>Show staged changes</p></article><article class="card" data-search="git git branch list branches"><div class="cmdrow"><code>git branch</code><button class="copy" data-copy="git branch">COPY</button></div><p>List branches</p></article><article class="card" data-search="git git switch branch switch branches"><div class="cmdrow"><code>git switch branch</code><button class="copy" data-copy="git switch branch">COPY</button></div><p>Switch branches</p></article><article class="card" data-search="git git switch -c newbranch create and switch branches"><div class="cmdrow"><code>git switch -c newbranch</code><button class="copy" data-copy="git switch -c newbranch">COPY</button></div><p>Create and switch branches</p></article><article class="card" data-search="git git merge branch merge a branch"><div class="cmdrow"><code>git merge branch</code><button class="copy" data-copy="git merge branch">COPY</button></div><p>Merge a branch</p></article><article class="card" data-search="git git pull fetch and integrate remote changes"><div class="cmdrow"><code>git pull</code><button class="copy" data-copy="git pull">COPY</button></div><p>Fetch and integrate remote changes</p></article><article class="card" data-search="git git push push commits"><div class="cmdrow"><code>git push</code><button class="copy" data-copy="git push">COPY</button></div><p>Push commits</p></article><article class="card" data-search="git git remote -v show remotes"><div class="cmdrow"><code>git remote -v</code><button class="copy" data-copy="git remote -v">COPY</button></div><p>Show remotes</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="hardware---devices"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Hardware & Devices</span><small>10 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="hardware & devices lspci -nn list pci devices with numeric ids"><div class="cmdrow"><code>lspci -nn</code><button class="copy" data-copy="lspci -nn">COPY</button></div><p>List PCI devices with numeric IDs</p></article><article class="card" data-search="hardware & devices lsusb -v show verbose usb information"><div class="cmdrow"><code>lsusb -v</code><button class="copy" data-copy="lsusb -v">COPY</button></div><p>Show verbose USB information</p></article><article class="card" data-search="hardware & devices lsmod list loaded kernel modules"><div class="cmdrow"><code>lsmod</code><button class="copy" data-copy="lsmod">COPY</button></div><p>List loaded kernel modules</p></article><article class="card" data-search="hardware & devices modinfo module show module information"><div class="cmdrow"><code>modinfo module</code><button class="copy" data-copy="modinfo module">COPY</button></div><p>Show module information</p></article><article class="card" data-search="hardware & devices sudo modprobe module load a kernel module"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo modprobe module</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo modprobe module">COPY</button></div><p>Load a kernel module</p></article><article class="card" data-search="hardware & devices sudo modprobe -r module unload a kernel module"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sudo modprobe -r module</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sudo modprobe -r module">COPY</button></div><p>Unload a kernel module</p></article><article class="card" data-search="hardware & devices udevadm info /dev/sda query udev device information"><div class="cmdrow"><code>udevadm info /dev/sda</code><button class="copy" data-copy="udevadm info /dev/sda">COPY</button></div><p>Query udev device information</p></article><article class="card" data-search="hardware & devices smartctl -a /dev/sda show smart disk health"><div class="cmdrow"><code>smartctl -a /dev/sda</code><button class="copy" data-copy="smartctl -a /dev/sda">COPY</button></div><p>Show SMART disk health</p></article><article class="card" data-search="hardware & devices nvme list list nvme devices"><div class="cmdrow"><code>nvme list</code><button class="copy" data-copy="nvme list">COPY</button></div><p>List NVMe devices</p></article><article class="card" data-search="hardware & devices nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0 show nvme health information"><div class="cmdrow"><code>nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0</code><button class="copy" data-copy="nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0">COPY</button></div><p>Show NVMe health information</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="performance"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Performance</span><small>9 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="performance top live process and resource view"><div class="cmdrow"><code>top</code><button class="copy" data-copy="top">COPY</button></div><p>Live process and resource view</p></article><article class="card" data-search="performance htop enhanced process monitor"><div class="cmdrow"><code>htop</code><button class="copy" data-copy="htop">COPY</button></div><p>Enhanced process monitor</p></article><article class="card" data-search="performance free -h memory and swap usage"><div class="cmdrow"><code>free -h</code><button class="copy" data-copy="free -h">COPY</button></div><p>Memory and swap usage</p></article><article class="card" data-search="performance vmstat 1 sample memory and cpu every second"><div class="cmdrow"><code>vmstat 1</code><button class="copy" data-copy="vmstat 1">COPY</button></div><p>Sample memory and CPU every second</p></article><article class="card" data-search="performance iostat -xz 1 detailed disk i/o statistics"><div class="cmdrow"><code>iostat -xz 1</code><button class="copy" data-copy="iostat -xz 1">COPY</button></div><p>Detailed disk I/O statistics</p></article><article class="card" data-search="performance iotop show processes performing disk i/o"><div class="cmdrow"><code>iotop</code><button class="copy" data-copy="iotop">COPY</button></div><p>Show processes performing disk I/O</p></article><article class="card" data-search="performance mpstat -p all 1 show per-cpu usage"><div class="cmdrow"><code>mpstat -P ALL 1</code><button class="copy" data-copy="mpstat -P ALL 1">COPY</button></div><p>Show per-CPU usage</p></article><article class="card" data-search="performance sar -u 1 5 collect cpu statistics"><div class="cmdrow"><code>sar -u 1 5</code><button class="copy" data-copy="sar -u 1 5">COPY</button></div><p>Collect CPU statistics</p></article><article class="card" data-search="performance pidstat 1 show per-process resource usage"><div class="cmdrow"><code>pidstat 1</code><button class="copy" data-copy="pidstat 1">COPY</button></div><p>Show per-process resource usage</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="useful-one-liners"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Useful One-Liners</span><small>14 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="useful one-liners du -ah . sort -h | tail -20|show the 20 largest items below current directory"><div class="cmdrow"><code>du -ah .</code><button class="copy" data-copy="du -ah .">COPY</button></div><p>sort -h | tail -20|Show the 20 largest items below current directory</p></article><article class="card" data-search="useful one-liners find . -type f wc -l|count files recursively"><div class="cmdrow"><code>find . -type f</code><button class="copy" data-copy="find . -type f">COPY</button></div><p>wc -l|Count files recursively</p></article><article class="card" data-search="useful one-liners find . -type f -empty find empty files"><div class="cmdrow"><code>find . -type f -empty</code><button class="copy" data-copy="find . -type f -empty">COPY</button></div><p>Find empty files</p></article><article class="card" data-search="useful one-liners find . -type d -empty find empty directories"><div class="cmdrow"><code>find . -type d -empty</code><button class="copy" data-copy="find . -type d -empty">COPY</button></div><p>Find empty directories</p></article><article class="card" data-search="useful one-liners ps aux --sort=-%mem head|show top memory-consuming processes"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ps aux --sort=-%mem</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ps aux --sort=-%mem">COPY</button></div><p>head|Show top memory-consuming processes</p></article><article class="card" data-search="useful one-liners ps aux --sort=-%cpu head|show top cpu-consuming processes"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ps aux --sort=-%cpu</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ps aux --sort=-%cpu">COPY</button></div><p>head|Show top CPU-consuming processes</p></article><article class="card" data-search="useful one-liners ss -tulpn grep listen|show listening sockets"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ss -tulpn</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ss -tulpn">COPY</button></div><p>grep LISTEN|Show listening sockets</p></article><article class="card" data-search="useful one-liners journalctl -p err -b show errors from current boot"><div class="cmdrow"><code>journalctl -p err -b</code><button class="copy" data-copy="journalctl -p err -b">COPY</button></div><p>Show errors from current boot</p></article><article class="card" data-search="useful one-liners ip -br a quick network summary"><div class="cmdrow"><code>ip -br a</code><button class="copy" data-copy="ip -br a">COPY</button></div><p>Quick network summary</p></article><article class="card" data-search="useful one-liners df -ht show disk usage and filesystem types"><div class="cmdrow"><code>df -hT</code><button class="copy" data-copy="df -hT">COPY</button></div><p>Show disk usage and filesystem types</p></article><article class="card" data-search="useful one-liners grep -rni 'searchterm' . recursive case-insensitive search with line numbers"><div class="cmdrow"><code>grep -Rni 'searchterm' .</code><button class="copy" data-copy="grep -Rni 'searchterm' .">COPY</button></div><p>Recursive case-insensitive search with line numbers</p></article><article class="card" data-search="useful one-liners find . -type f -mtime -1 find files modified in the last 24 hours"><div class="cmdrow"><code>find . -type f -mtime -1</code><button class="copy" data-copy="find . -type f -mtime -1">COPY</button></div><p>Find files modified in the last 24 hours</p></article><article class="card" data-search="useful one-liners find . -type f -mtime +30 find files older than 30 days"><div class="cmdrow"><code>find . -type f -mtime +30</code><button class="copy" data-copy="find . -type f -mtime +30">COPY</button></div><p>Find files older than 30 days</p></article><article class="card" data-search="useful one-liners tar -czf backup-$(date +%f).tar.gz /path/to/data create a dated compressed backup"><div class="cmdrow"><code>tar -czf backup-$(date +%F).tar.gz /path/to/data</code><button class="copy" data-copy="tar -czf backup-$(date +%F).tar.gz /path/to/data">COPY</button></div><p>Create a dated compressed backup</p></article></div></div></section><section class="section" id="help---documentation"><button class="sectionhead"><span>Help & Documentation</span><small>6 commands</small><b>▾</b></button><div class="body"><div class="grid"><article class="card" data-search="help & documentation man command open a manual page"><div class="cmdrow"><code>man command</code><button class="copy" data-copy="man command">COPY</button></div><p>Open a manual page</p></article><article class="card" data-search="help & documentation command --help show command help"><div class="cmdrow"><code>command --help</code><button class="copy" data-copy="command --help">COPY</button></div><p>Show command help</p></article><article class="card" data-search="help & documentation info command open gnu info documentation"><div class="cmdrow"><code>info command</code><button class="copy" data-copy="info command">COPY</button></div><p>Open GNU Info documentation</p></article><article class="card" data-search="help & documentation apropos keyword search manual-page descriptions"><div class="cmdrow"><code>apropos keyword</code><button class="copy" data-copy="apropos keyword">COPY</button></div><p>Search manual-page descriptions</p></article><article class="card" data-search="help & documentation whatis command show a one-line command description"><div class="cmdrow"><code>whatis command</code><button class="copy" data-copy="whatis command">COPY</button></div><p>Show a one-line command description</p></article><article class="card" data-search="help & documentation tldr command show example-focused documentation if installed"><div class="cmdrow"><code>tldr command</code><button class="copy" data-copy="tldr command">COPY</button></div><p>Show example-focused documentation if installed</p></article></div></div></section></main> |
| 61 | </div> |
| 62 | |
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admin / LinuxCheats
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